DSpace Collection:http://hdl.handle.net/10884/1862024-01-09T09:04:57Z2024-01-09T09:04:57ZMolecular Interactions of Phenolic Compounds in Relation to the Colour of Fruit and VegetablesBrouillard, RaymondFigueiredo, PauloElhabiri, MouradDangles, Olivierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10884/13552019-01-04T15:50:35Z1997-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Molecular Interactions of Phenolic Compounds in Relation to the Colour of Fruit and Vegetables
Authors: Brouillard, Raymond; Figueiredo, Paulo; Elhabiri, Mourad; Dangles, Olivier
Abstract: Three large families of pigments give colour to plants: chlorophylls, carotenoids and flavonoids (Britton, 1983). The two latter are seen by humans on the green background provided by the chlorophylls. Carotenoids and flavonoids are widespread in fruit, flower and vegetable tissues. Flavonoids belong to a larger group of natural organic plant compounds, the polyphenols. Good recent introductions to the biochemistry of polyphenols may be found in Scalbert (1993) and in Brouillard et al.(1995). About ten thousand or so natural plant polyphenols have been presently identified, half of them probably being of the flavonoid type (Harbome, 1993). Coloured flavonoids are best seen in flower and fruit epidermal tissues. Such pigments are synthesized by almost all flowering vegetables and can be found in all plant organs. They are also found both unaltered or chemically or enzymatically modified in food products of vegetable origin and they constitute a regular component in human and animal diets. Every day about 10 g are consumed by an adult person. Among their many biological activities (Cody et al., 1986; 1988), only their prominent role in producing the most vivid colours to be found in plants will be taken into consideration. Almost all polyphenols strongly absorb light in the ultraviolet range but only a few members of this huge family do so in the visible range. In fact, the anthocyanins are the only meaningful subgroup of polyphenols visible to the human eye. Anthocyanins gradually appear in fruit, flower and other plant tissues when chlorophylls are fading away. Anthocyanins are stored, if not biosynthesized, within the vacuoles of mature …1997-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Visible Flavonoids or Anthocyanins: From Research to ApplicationsBrouillard, RaymondChassaing, StefanIsorez, GéraldineKueny-Stotz, MarieFigueiredo, Paulohttp://hdl.handle.net/10884/4542019-01-04T15:42:49Z2010-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: The Visible Flavonoids or Anthocyanins: From Research to Applications
Authors: Brouillard, Raymond; Chassaing, Stefan; Isorez, Géraldine; Kueny-Stotz, Marie; Figueiredo, Paulo
Abstract: Anthocyanins are polyphenolic pigments responsible for most of the color diversity found
in plants. Here the in vivo color expression and the stability of anthocyanins are interpreted by
extrapolation of the results acquired in vitro with model solutions of pigments obtained through
plant extraction or laboratorial synthesis. Behavior of anthocyanins is explained in terms of
molecular interactions of the chromophore units with parts of the pigments themselves and/or
with some constituents of the plant cell. These include, among others, diverse polyphenols,
metal cations, and inorganic salts. Attention is also given to the biophysicochemical
environment found in plant vacuoles that plays a fundamental role on the intermolecular
and intramolecular associations displayed by anthocyanins. For example, anthocyanin
Z-chalcones (retrochalcones) provide an unexpected open cavity for the ferric cation.
Medicinal, nutritional, and industrial applications of anthocyanins are proposed.2010-01-01T00:00:00Z